Jornal Do Brasilia - Global economy must green faster to prevent dire climate impacts

From industry, power and transport to food production, deforestation and finance, progress across 40 key indicators must accelerate dramatically -- in many cases ten-fold or more -- to stay in line with the Paris treaty goal of capping global warming at 1.5 degrees Celsius.

Earth's surface has already warmed 1.2C, enough to unleash a deadly and costly crescendo of climate-enhanced storms, floods, droughts and heatwaves.

In at least five areas those trend lines are still moving in the wrong direction entirely, according to the 200-page analysis, which comes 12 days ahead of crunch UN climate talks in Sharm El-Sheik, Egypt.

These include the share of natural gas in electricity generation, the share of kilometres travelled by passenger cars, and carbon pollution from agriculture.

"We are not winning in any sector," said Ani Dasgupta, head of the World Resources Institute, one of half a dozen climate policy think-tanks that contributed to the report.

The findings, he said, are "an urgent wakeup call for decision-makers to commit to real transformation across every aspect of our economy".

- Clean energy -

Comparing current efforts to those required by 2030 and mid-century to limit warming to 1.5C, researchers quantified the global gap in climate action.

"The hard truth is that none of the 40 indicators we assessed are on track to achieve their 2030 targets," said lead author Sophia Boehm, a researcher at Systems Change Lab.

To prevent dangerous overheating, global carbon pollution must decline 40 percent by the end of this decade. By 2050, the world must be carbon neutral, compensating any remaining emissions with CO2 removal.

Most worrying, the authors said in a briefing, are shortfalls in the power sector and the lack of progress in halting deforestation.

The phase-out of coal used to generate electricity without filtering CO2 emissions must happen six times faster, equivalent to retiring nearly 1,000 coal-fired power plants annually over the next seven years, they found.

The power sector is the biggest source of global CO2 emissions, and coal -- accounting for nearly 40 percent of electricity worldwide -- is by far the most carbon intensive of fossil fuels.

"If our solution to many things is electrification, then we need to make sure that electricity is clean and free of fossil fuels," said co-author Louise Jeffery, an analyst at New Climate Institute.

Huge increases in solar and wind power have not been enough to keep up with expanding demand for energy.

- 'Irreversible' forest loss -

Progress in the battle against deforestation must accelerate two- to three-fold to keep the 1.5C goal within striking distance, according to the report.

"The loss of primary forest is irreversible, both in terms of carbon storage and as a haven for biodiversity," said co-author Kelly Levin, chief of science, data and systems change at the Bezos Earth Fund.

"If meeting the 1.5C target is challenging now, it is completely impossible when you chip away at our carbon sinks," she added, referring the fact that forests and soil consistently absorb some 30 percent of humanity's carbon pollution.

Other key findings from the report on the pace of change needed this decade:

- Public transport systems such as metros, light-rail and public bus networks must expand six times faster;

- The amount of carbon emitted in cement production must decline 10 times faster;

- Per-capita meat consumption -- still on the increase -- must drop, and the shift to sustainable diets must happen five times faster.

The report also looked at climate finance.

"Governments and private institutions are failing to deliver on the Paris Agreement's goals of aligning financial flows with the 1.5C limit," said Claire Fyson, an analyst at Climate Analytics.

Global climate finance -- sure to be a key sticking point at UN talks in Egypt -- must grow more than 10 times faster than recent trends, from $640 billion in 2022 to $5.2 trillion in 2030.

At the same time, governments are still pouring money into fossil fuels, spending nearly $700 billion of public financing on coal, oil and gas in 2020.

As humanity's "carbon budget" runs out, the world will need to scale up technologies that suck CO2 out of the air, according to the UN's IPCC climate science advisory panel.

How much will depend on how quickly carbon emissions are drawn down, but the IPCC estimates that billions of tons per year will need to be removed.

"Today, less than one million tons is captured from the atmosphere and stored permanently each year," said Fyson.

"So we'd have to see a rate of growth that's several hundred times faster that recent trends."

L. Araujo--JDB