Jornal Do Brasilia - Critically endangered whale species rebounds slightly

The number of North Atlantic right whales rose to 373 in 2023, up four percent from a recent low of 358 individuals in 2020, according to the latest estimates by scientists at the New England Aquarium and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

But the stabilization in numbers shouldn't be mistaken for a turning point, said conservationists, because the most serious threats to the marine giants, strikes by speeding vessels and entanglements in fishing gear, remain largely unaddressed.

Climate change is further exacerbating the situation by altering the distribution of zooplankton, the whales' primary food source.

"While we are happy to see that the population estimate has not decreased, we remain gravely concerned," said Kathleen Collins, senior marine campaign manager with the International Fund for Animal Welfare.

Approaching 60 feet (18 meters) in length and with lifespans similar to humans, North Atlantic right whales are thought to have once numbered up to 20,000 before commercial whaling decimated their population.

They were considered the "right whale" to hunt by whalers who sought their blubber for oil and their baleen plates (which the whales use to filter their food) for making a strong, flexible material in the pre-plastic era.

Whaling was eventually banned in 1935, leading to a recovery and a peak of 483 individuals by 2010, before a decade-long decline began.

In the fall of 2022, NOAA proposed rule changes to broaden the boundaries and timing of seasonal speed restrictions along the East Coast, and expand mandatory speed restrictions of 10 knots or less for vessels over 65 feet to those over 35 feet.

But two years on, these changes, strongly opposed by the boating and fishing industries, are still under review.

"The US government is too busy dealing in partisan politics rather than saving this species while we still have a fighting chance," said Collins.

The other main threat to the whales comes from entanglements with fishing gear -- which weigh whales down and prevent them from moving freely, feeding and breeding, or cut into their blubber and bones, killing them slowly from infection.

Recent years have seen progress in "on demand" fishing gear -- traps that catch lobster and crab on the seafloor without long buoy lines. Some use coiled ropes that rise to the surface only when triggered by fishermen, while others rely on inflatable bags.

These technologies however remain in their infancy and aren't yet widely deployed.

Despite the slight rise, scientists said too many right whales are still dying from human activity, including so far this year five documented mortalities and four lost calves that scientists presume are dead.

X. Barbosa--JDB