Jornal Do Brasilia - World economies reel from Trump's tariffs punch

Trump announced late Thursday that dozens of economies, including the European Union, will face new tariff rates of between 10 and 41 percent.

However, implementation will be on August 7 rather than Friday as previously announced, the White House said. This gives governments a window to rush to strike bilateral deals with Washington setting more favorable conditions.

Neighboring Canada, one of the biggest US trade partners, was hit with 35 percent levies, up from 25 percent, effective Friday -- but with current exemptions remaining in place.

The tariffs are a demonstration of raw economic power that Trump sees putting US exporters in a stronger position while encouraging domestic manufacturing by keeping out foreign imports.

But the muscular approach has raised fears of inflation and other economic fallout in the world's biggest economy.

Stock markets in Hong Kong and London slumped as they digested the turmoil.

Trump's actions come as debate rages over how best to steer the US economy, with the Federal Reserve this week deciding to maintain interest rates unchanged, despite massive political pressure from the White House to cut.

Two Fed officials who dissented in Wednesday's decision warned Friday that the economy was being put at risk.

Data Friday showed US job growth missing expectations for July, while unemployment ticked up to 4.2 percent from 4.1 percent.

- Canada singled out -

Trump raised duties on around 70 economies, from a current 10 percent level imposed in April when he unleashed "reciprocal" tariffs citing unfair trade practices.

The new, steeper levels listed in an executive order vary by trading partner and go as high as 41 percent.

Any goods "transshipped" through other jurisdictions to avoid US duties would be hit with an additional 40-percent tariff, the order said.

The American leader separately singled out Canada for harsh tariffs.

He had warned of trade consequences for Canada after Prime Minister Mark Carney announced plans to recognize a Palestinian state at the UN General Assembly in September.

Trump's order cited Canada's failure to "cooperate in curbing the ongoing flood of fentanyl and other illicit drugs" -- although Canada is not a major source of illegal narcotics.

Carney said his government was "disappointed" with the hike.

Trump gave more time to neighbor and major trading partner Mexico, delaying for 90 days a threat to increase tariffs from 25 percent to 30 percent, after holding talks with President Claudia Sheinbaum.

Exemptions remain for a wide range of Canadian and Mexican goods entering the United States under an existing North American trade pact.

- 'Tears up' rule book -

With questions hanging over the effectiveness of bilateral trade deals already struck -- including with the European Union and Japan -- the outcome of Trump's overall plan remains uncertain.

"No doubt about it -- the executive order and related agreements concluded over the past few months tears up the trade rule book that has governed international trade since World War II," said Wendy Cutler, senior vice president of the Asia Society Policy Institute.

"Whether our partners can preserve it without the United States is an open question," she added.

Notably excluded from Friday's drama was China, which is in the midst of negotiations with the United States.

Washington and Beijing at one point brought tit-for-tat tariffs to triple-digit levels, but both countries have agreed to temporarily lower these duties and are working to extend their truce.

Beijing warned that US protectionism "harms the interests of all parties".

"There is no winner in a tariff war or trade war," foreign ministry spokesman Guo Jiakun said.

Those who managed to strike deals with Washington to avert steeper threatened levies included Vietnam, Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Korea and the European Union.

Among other tariff levels adjusted in Trump's latest order, Switzerland now faces a higher 39 percent duty.

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A. de Almeida--JDB