Jornal Do Brasilia - US economy unexpectedly shrinks on import surge ahead of Trump tariffs

The gross domestic product of the world's largest economy decreased at an annual rate of 0.3 percent in the first quarter, after growing 2.4 percent in the final months of 2024, according to an estimate from the US Commerce Department.

Wednesday's data was sharply below the market consensus estimate of 0.4 percent growth, according to Briefing.com.

"The downturn in real GDP in the first quarter reflected an upturn in imports, a deceleration in consumer spending, and a downturn in government spending," the Commerce Department said in a statement.

US financial markets reacted negatively to the news, with all three major indices opening sharply lower on Wall Street.

- Trump denies tariff link -

In a social media post, Trump blamed his predecessor Joe Biden for the bad economic news.

"This is Biden's Stock Market, not Trump's," the US president wrote in a post to his Truth Social account. "Our Country will boom, but we have to get rid of the Biden 'Overhang.'"

"This will take a while, has NOTHING TO DO WITH TARIFFS," he said. "When the boom begins, it will be like no other. BE PATIENT!!!" he added.

The figures were published on the 101st day since Trump's return to office on January 20.

In that time, he has announced several rounds of tariffs, laying out plans in March to impose sweeping levies on top trading partners from early April in a bid to reset US trade relations.

The introduction of tariffs sparked a selloff in financial markets, sending volatility surging to levels not seen since the Covid-19 pandemic and spooking investors.

"Usually, government policy doesn't change that much, particularly not in the first 100 days of a presidency," George Washington University economics professor Tara Sinclair told AFP before the data was published. "But this one's different."

"I think it's pretty clear that there were dramatic policy changes that are directly weakening the economy," she said.

"100 days into his presidency, Donald Trump's red-light, green-light tariffs are shrinking our economy, with businesses stockpiling imports in anticipation of tariff doomsday," Democratic Senator Elizabeth Warren said in a statement after the GDP data was published.

Following April's dramatic market movement, the Trump administration announced a 90-day pause to the higher tariffs for dozens of countries to allow for trade talks, while maintaining a baseline 10 percent rate for most countries.

It also announced sector-specific measures on steel, aluminum and automobiles and parts not made in the United States, and new sweeping tariffs totalling 145 percent on China.

Beijing responded with its own steep, targeted duties against US goods.

- 'Direct response' to Trump -

The US economy grew 2.8 percent last year, according to the Commerce Department, and most analysts had expected growth to cool slightly this year.

But since Trump's return to office, and the introduction of new tariffs, many analysts have sharply cut their growth outlook.

Imports have a negative effect on growth, and counteract the positive effects of exports in the GDP calculations.

"This spike in imports, that's coming directly from people trying to get ahead of tariffs," said Sinclair from George Washington University. "And that is in direct response to the policies of this president."

The drop in imports was "partly offset by increases in investment, consumer spending, and exports," the Commerce Department said.

The effects of tariffs on growth and inflation are a "quandary" for the Federal Reserve as it attempts to maintain stable prices and maximum sustainable employment, MBA chief economist Mike Fratantoni wrote in a note to clients shared with AFP.

"We expect that the Fed will hold rates steady at its meeting next week and will indicate that it will continue to hold at this level until it becomes clear whether a recession or inflation is the bigger risk," he said.

M. Andrade--JDB