Jornal Do Brasilia - Russia and Vietnam vow to strengthen ties as Putin visits

Putin travelled to Vietnam, a close ally of Moscow since the days of the Cold War, from a summit with North Korea's Kim Jong Un where he won a pledge of "full support" on Ukraine and signed a mutual defence pact.

The Russian leader did not receive such a clear public declaration of support in Hanoi, but Vietnamese President To Lam indicated a desire to boost defence cooperation.

"The two sides want to push up cooperation in defence and security, how to deal with non-traditional security challenges on the basis of international law, for peace and security in the region and the world," Lam told reporters after talks with Putin.

Moscow has been Vietnam's main arms supplier for decades, accounting for more than 80 percent of imports between 1995 and 2023, but orders have dropped off in recent years as international sanctions related to the Ukraine conflict have intensified.

Lam and Putin signed around a dozen cooperation agreements ranging from education to justice and civil nuclear projects.

Putin told reporters the talks were constructive and that both sides had "identical or very close" positions on key international issues.

He said they discussed creating "an adequate and reliable security architecture in Asia-Pacific based on the principles of not resorting to force, and of resolving differences peacefully".

- Drumming up support -

Putin's Asia tour came as Western powers stepped up sanctions aimed at constraining Russia's war in Ukraine.

The United States, Britain and the European Union all announced new sanctions over the past week, while the G7 agreed to use profits from frozen Russian assets to provide a new $50-billion loan to Kyiv.

Making his first visit to the isolated North in 24 years on Wednesday, Putin signed a strategic treaty with Kim that included a commitment to come to each other's aid if attacked.

Washington and its allies accuse North Korea of supplying ammunition and missiles to Russia for its war in Ukraine, and the new treaty has fuelled fears of more deliveries.

The US State Department said deepening Russia-North Korea ties were "of great concern", while a top Ukrainian official accused Pyongyang of abetting Moscow's "mass murder of Ukrainians".

The two countries have been allies since North Korea's founding after World War II and have drawn even closer since Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 isolated Putin on the global stage.

Kim called Putin the "dearest friend of the Korean people" and vowed his "full support and solidarity" over the war in Ukraine, which has triggered rafts of UN sanctions on Moscow.

Putin called for a review of UN sanctions on North Korea and said the two countries would not submit to Western "blackmail".

Reacting to the Pyongyang visit, a US State Department spokesperson said no country should "give Mr Putin a platform to promote his war of aggression against Ukraine".

Japan said it was "seriously concerned" about the new Russia-North Korea pact.

- Trade and arms -

Putin received a rapturous reception in the North Korean capital, embraced by Kim as he stepped off his plane and greeted by cheering crowds, synchronised dancers and flag-waving children.

His reception was more reserved in Vietnam, a major global manufacturing hub that has carefully hedged its foreign policy position for years, seeking to be friends with all but beholden to none.

In particular, it has sought to avoid picking sides in the growing US-China rivalry as both superpowers look to boost their influence in Southeast Asia.

US President Joe Biden visited Hanoi in September to promote ties as his administration seeks to build up Vietnam as an alternative supplier of key high-tech components to reduce American dependence on China.

Beijing swiftly followed suit, with President Xi Jinping making his own state visit barely three months later.

Vietnam has abstained in UN votes condemning the Russian invasion of Ukraine and, in an op-ed in the communist party mouthpiece Nhan Dan newspaper, Putin thanked Hanoi for its "balanced stance on the Ukraine crisis".

M. Silva--JDB