Jornal Do Brasilia - Exiting fossil fuels key to energy security: nations at Colombia talks

Ministers are seeking to reignite the shift away from planet-heating fossil fuels at the conference in Santa Marta amid a deepening global energy crisis triggered by the Iran war.

"We in Europe...are losing half a billion euros each day this war continues," the EU's climate envoy Wopke Hoekstra told delegates in the coastal city.

"We already had a very good reason to move on (from fossil fuels) for climate action...We now also have it for commercial reasons, and reasons of independence."

The conference was announced last year after nations failed to include an explicit reference to fossil fuels in the final deal reached at the UN COP30 climate summit in Brazil.

But organizers say the Middle East war -- which has throttled Gulf energy exports -- had underscored the urgency of breaking fossil fuel dependence.

In a speech to delegates on Tuesday, Colombia's leftist President Gustavo Petro delivered a blunt message: fossil fuels "lead to death," he said.

Some import-reliant nations in Santa Marta spoke of fuel rationing and soaring prices at home as energy supplies dried up.

"Some people use independence, some people use sovereignty, but basically they need energy security," the UK's climate envoy Rachel Kyte told AFP in Santa Marta.

"Increasingly, the world is concluding that fossil fuels are a source of instability."

- COP frustration -

On the list of attendees are major fossil fuel producers Canada, Norway and Australia, and developing oil giants Nigeria, Angola and Brazil.

They join coal-reliant emerging markets Turkey and Vietnam, and small island nations extremely vulnerable to climate shocks, among others.

But the world's biggest emitters of greenhouse gases -- including the United States, China and India -- are not attending, nor are oil-rich Gulf states.

The conference bypasses the United Nations climate talks and reflects a growing impatience with its failure to tackle fossil fuels, the main driver of global warming.

Nearly 200 countries agreed at COP28 in 2023 to transition away from fossil fuels, but efforts to turn that pledge into action have stalled.

"We all know that this convening arose out of our collective frustration at the continuing failure of the UNFCCC process to address the root cause of the problem," Vanuatu's Climate Minister Ralph Regenvanu said in Santa Marta.

- Fossil farewell -

The conference is not expected to produce binding commitments but a set of proposals for countries wanting to gradually swap out fossil fuel production and consumption for cleaner forms of energy.

This is a particular challenge for developing countries heavily reliant on oil and gas revenue, like hosts Colombia.

Santa Marta is home to one of the country's biggest coal ports, and oil tankers can be seen along the coast's horizon.

But even European nations have weighed increasing coal and gas use in the wake of the Iran war, underlining the challenge of reducing reliance on fossil fuels even in advanced economies.

On Tuesday, France unveiled a fossil fuel "roadmap" setting deadlines to phase out coal by 2030, oil by 2045 and gas by 2050 for energy purposes.

Nations will discuss how to pursue these plans, as well as reforming fossil fuel subsidies that throw up barriers to renewable energy investment, among other issues.

Analysis by the International Institute for Sustainable Development on Monday showed that governments still spent five times more public money on fossil fuels than renewable alternatives.

A scientific panel has also published a 12-point "menu" of policy options for governments in Santa Marta that includes "halting all new and expanding fossil fuel extraction and infrastructure projects."

Even as record investments flow into renewable energy, scientists warn the pace is still too slow to keep global temperature rises to safer levels.

The world has already warmed about 1.4C above pre-industrial times and is tracking to blow past 1.5C in a matter of years.

Above that threshold, scientists warn that coral reefs and Greenland ice sheets could disappear, among other catastrophic and irreversible impacts.

P. Batista--JDB