Jornal Do Brasilia - US consumer inflation unchanged but price shocks from Iran war loom

US President Donald Trump has made lowering prices a key part of his agenda, with the world's largest economy still battling years of higher-than-usual inflation after the Covid pandemic.

The consumer price index (CPI) rose 2.4 percent year-on-year, the same increase as reported a month prior. The index rose 0.3 percent month-on-month, with both figures in line with market expectations.

Energy prices jumped 0.6 percent between January and February, following a 1.5-percent fall the previous month.

The White House was quick to laud the new data, saying it expected price shocks from the war to be "temporary."

"The American economy is strong and once we are past temporary disruptions from Operation Epic Fury, we will see even greater economic progress," said White House spokesperson Kush Desai.

But price shocks to global oil markets from the US-Israel war on Iran were not reflected in Wednesday's data, as the strikes began the last day of the month.

Markets will be buoyed by the steadiness in February's figure, but investors are likely to treat it as more of a baseline to compare expected future price increases against.

"February CPI readings as expected were subdued but given the disruption to energy supplies from the Iranian conflict the focus is on the extent and duration of the boost to inflation in the coming months," said Kathy Bostjancic, chief economist at Nationwide.

She said that Nationwide expected inflation to rise to more than four percent (year-on-year) "in the coming few months, before easing back in the following months."

Wednesday's data released by the Labor Department showed price increases in medical care, education, apparel, airline fares and household furnishings.

Prices for used vehicles and vehicle insurance, communications and personal care were down.

Core CPI, which excludes volatile energy and food prices, rose 2.5 percent over last year in February.

- Battered households -

February's year-on-year inflation figure was near its lowest levels over the past 12 months, but consumers in the United States continue to grapple with prices that have remained stubbornly high post-pandemic.

US inflation hit a high of 9.1 percent in June 2022, and while it has dropped from those levels, years of elevated prices have battered households across the country.

The Federal Reserve, which has a dual mandate to address inflation and unemployment, raised interest rates to control flaring prices and while it is now in a rate-cutting phase, they remain at elevated levels.

The new CPI figure will be a factor in the Fed's discussion at a meeting to set rates next week. The Fed's preferred inflation gauge, the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index, will be released later this week.

The central bank has a long-term goal of two percent for US inflation, but is also battling weakness in the labor market.

The United States unexpectedly lost jobs in February while unemployment edged up, government data showed last week, piling pressure on Trump's economic agenda as crucial midterm elections approach.

Affordability has been a key issue, and the weaker jobs numbers have turned up the heat on criticism of Trump's economic policies.

The US-Israel war on Iran has roiled global oil markets, with traffic through the key Strait of Hormuz almost at a standstill and strikes hitting oil facilities across the region.

That pressure is showing at US pumps, with the national average price for a gallon of gasoline on Wednesday up by 22 percent compared to last month, according to motor club AAA.

Still, analysts looked at February's CPI figure as encouraging in the long term, saying it firmed the view that headline inflation was trending downwards, outside of geopolitical shocks.

"This pre-war inflation reading isn't entirely stale, as it shows that key pillars of disinflation are in place," said Bernard Yaros, lead US economist at Oxford Economics.

X. do Nascimento--JDB