Jornal Do Brasilia - US puts plan to cut ship emissions in troubled waters

The London-based International Maritime Organization (IMO), which is the shipping body of the United Nations, voted in April for a global pricing system to help curb greenhouse gases.

But increased divisions have emerged this week at meetings leading up to Friday's follow-up vote.

President Donald Trump on Thursday said the proposed global carbon tax on shipping was a "scam" after the United States withdrew from IMO negotiations in April.

A Russian delegate described current proceedings as "chaos" as he addressed the plenary Friday after talks had lasted until the early hours.

Russia joined major oil producers Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates in voting against the carbon-reduction measure in April, arguing it would harm the economy and food security.

IMO Secretary-General Arsenio Dominguez, representing 176 member states, said Friday that he hoped there would be no repeat of how the week's discussions had gone.

- Trump 'outraged' -

Since returning to power in January, Trump has reversed Washington's course on climate change, denouncing it as a "scam" and encouraging fossil fuel use by deregulation.

"I am outraged that the International Maritime Organization is voting in London this week to pass a global Carbon Tax," Trump wrote on his Truth Social platform Thursday.

"The United States will NOT stand for this Global Green New Scam Tax on Shipping," he added, urging countries to vote against it.

The United States this week advocated changing the voting process to give more weight to abstentions, a proposal that was being considered Friday.

Washington also threatened to impose sanctions, visa restrictions and port levies on those supporting the Net Zero Framework (NZF), the first global carbon-pricing system.

Liberia and Saudi Arabia called for Friday's vote to be postponed.

"We agree with the United States that it's important that these conversations are brought to light," a Saudi representative said.

Ahead of this week's London gathering, a majority 63 IMO members that in April voted for the plan had been expected to maintain their support and to be joined by others to formally approve the NZF.

Argentina, which in April abstained from the vote, has said it will now oppose the deal.

Leading up to Friday's decision -- China, the European Union, Brazil, Britain and several other members of the IMO -- reaffirmed their support.

The NZF requires ships to progressively reduce carbon emissions from 2028, or face financial penalties.

Shipping accounts for nearly three percent of global greenhouse gas emissions, according to the IMO, while the CO2 pricing plan should encourage the sector to use less polluting fuels.

The Philippines, which provides the most seafarers of any country, and Caribbean islands focused on the cruise industry, would be particularly impacted by visa restrictions and sanctions.

In order to be adopted, the framework needs the backing of two-thirds of 108 voting IMO members who belong to a long-standing international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships, known as MARPOL.

The plan would charge ships for emissions exceeding a certain threshold, with proceeds used to reward low-emission vessels and support countries vulnerable to climate change.

Pacific Island states, which abstained in the initial vote over concerns the proposal was not ambitious enough, are now expected to support it.

If the global emissions pricing system was adopted, it would become difficult to evade, even for the United States.

IMO conventions allow signatories to inspect foreign ships during stopovers and even detain non-compliant vessels.

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M. Oliveira--JDB